Document Details
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Document Type |
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Article In Conference |
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Document Title |
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Optimization of Theophylline Use in Management ofBronchial Asthma and Neonatal Apnea تحقيق الاستخدام المثالي للأدوية ذات المجال العلاجي الضيق في المرضى السعوديين : الثيوفيلن لعلاج الربوالقصبي لدى الأطفال وخمول التنفس لدى الأطفال حديثي الولادة |
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Subject |
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medicine, dentistry and pharmacological sciences |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Bronchial asthma (BA) is a reversible inflammatory condition of the
airway with hyper responsiveness to a variety of stimuli, characterized by
airway smooth - muscle constriction and may associate with edema, and
obstruction of airways by secretions. (Shapiro, 1992; Woolcock, 1993), and
an increase in the incidence and prevalence of asthma worldwide (Levy and
Hilton 1992; Fleming et al., 1987). A community based studies in Saudi
children showed a prevalence of 11.5%. Incidence among school children in
Jeddah is about 13% and 17% in Qassim (AI Frayh, 1990). BA is recognized as
a significant health problem leading to high mortality ~nd morbidity
(Buist & Vollmer, 1990; Weiss & Wagner, 1990), attributed to the lack
of sufficient anti-inflammatory therapy and over reliance on bronchodilator
and symptomatic therapy (Garrett et al., 1995). Some countries established
natural guidelines since 1989, adopting an international consensus report in
1~92 lead to the more recent global strategy initiated by World Health
Organization (WHO) in 1993, emphasizing that asthma requires specific antiinflammatory
therapy. In 1995,a Saudi National Protocol (SNP) for
management of asthma was established, classifying the severity of asthma
into four steps based on clinical grounds and objective measures including
peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), and the the continuous preventive
treatment, while apnea, is a pause in breathing that has one or more of
the following characteristics: lasts for more than 15-20 seconds, associated
with the babys colour changing to pale, purplish or blue, associated
with bradycardia < 100 beats/min, (Finer et al.,1992). Incidence and severity
of apnea are inversely related to gestational age, although there is
considerable variation. 50% of less than 1.5 kg birth weight (bwt) of infants
requires pharmacologic intervention or ventilatory support for recurrent
prolonged apneic episodes. The peak incidence occurs between 5 and 7 days
postnatal age (Dennis & Mayock, 2000). Three mechanisms of apnea of
prematurity are considered: central apnea, obstructive apnea, and mixed
apnea (Barrington and Finer, 1991).
Apnea of prematurity is by far the most common cause of apnea in a
premature infant, but it is necessary to initially investigate and rule out the
following etiological disorders (Miller & Martin, 1992) infection, temperature
regulation, gastrointestinal, neurological, drugs, metabolic, cardiovascular,
hematological, and pUlmonary disorders. Apnea if untreated may lead to
ischemia and eventually leukomalacia (Koons et al., 1993; Miller & Martin,
1992), which is a failure of, the mechanisms that protect cerebral blood flow. |
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Conference Name |
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the second annual meeting for scientific research |
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Duration |
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From : 27 محرم AH - To : 28 محرم AH
From : 30 مارس AD - To : 31 مارس AD |
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Publishing Year |
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1424 AH
2003 AD |
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Number Of Pages |
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14 |
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Article Type |
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Article |
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Added Date |
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Tuesday, January 13, 2009 |
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Researchers
| سميرة إبراهيم إسلام | Islam, N/A N/A | Researcher | | |
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